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West Nile Virus Treatment
West Nile Virus
Treatment
There is currently no treatment for West Nile
that can kill the virus. In mild cases, treatment mainly includes rest and
drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, treatment can involve intravenous
(IV) fluids and breathing assistance from a ventilator.
Within
three to fourteen days after a person is infected with the West Nile virus (see West Nile Virus Transmission), he or she may develop West Nile virus
symptoms. There is currently no treatment that can kill the West
Nile virus. Because West Nile is caused by a virus, antibiotics or other
medications for West Nile virus are not effective. Therefore, treatment for
West Nile focuses on providing relief from symptoms as the body fights the West
Nile virus. This is called supportive care.
People
who experience mild West Nile virus symptoms (known as West Nile fever) can
have symptoms for a couple of days or up to several weeks. During this time,
treatment can include:
- Resting in bed
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Taking medication, such as aspirin or acetaminophen, to relieve fever and discomfort.
Occasionally,
an infected person may develop more severe disease, such as West Nile encephalitis,
West Nile meningitis, or West Nile
meningoencephalitis. Encephalitis refers to an
inflammation of the brain. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membrane around
the brain and the spinal cord. Meningoencephalitis refers to inflammation of
the brain and the membrane surrounding it.
When
more severe symptoms of West Nile virus (such as unusually severe headaches or confusion)
occur, medical attention is necessary immediately.
In
these cases, treatment for West Nile virus usually requires hospitalization for
intensive supportive care. This supportive care can include:
- Intravenous (IV) fluids
- Medications to control seizures, nausea, vomiting, or brain swelling
- Breathing support from a ventilator
- Prevention of secondary infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, etc.)
- Good nursing care.
When to Call the Doctor
Call
your doctor if you have any possible signs of West Nile virus and:
- You have breathing and/or heart problems, or other serious health problems
- You are taking drugs to fight cancer or other drugs that weaken your body's natural defenses against illness
- You feel sick and don't seem to be getting better
- You have a high fever, confusion, muscle weakness, severe headaches, or other serious symptoms of West Nile virus
- You are worried about your health
- You are pregnant or breastfeeding.
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